disulfiraamin

Disulfiram, also known by its brand name Antabuse, is a medication primarily used in the management of alcohol dependence. It functions as an aversive therapy, meaning it creates an unpleasant physical reaction when alcohol is consumed while the drug is active in the body. Disulfiram works by inhibiting the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, which is responsible for breaking down acetaldehyde, a toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism. When alcohol is ingested while taking disulfiram, acetaldehyde accumulates, leading to symptoms such as flushing, nausea, vomiting, headache, and rapid heartbeat.

The drug is typically prescribed as part of a broader treatment plan for alcoholism, often alongside counseling, behavioral therapy, or support groups. It is not a cure for alcohol dependence but serves as a deterrent to drinking by reinforcing the negative consequences of alcohol consumption. Disulfiram is usually taken orally in tablet form, with dosing varying based on individual needs and medical supervision.

Common side effects of disulfiram may include metallic taste, drowsiness, headache, and skin rashes. More serious reactions, such as liver damage or peripheral neuropathy, can occur, particularly with long-term use or overdose. The drug is contraindicated in individuals with certain medical conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, or thyroid disorders, and should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It also interacts dangerously with other substances, including alcohol, metronidazoleze, and certain antidepressants.

Disulfiram was first synthesized in 1927 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1951. Its mechanism of action remains a key tool in pharmacological interventions for alcohol dependence, though its use is closely monitored due to potential risks. Proper medical guidance is essential to ensure safe and effective administration.