distokklúzió

Distokklúzió is a term used in orthodontics to describe a malocclusion, or a misalignment of the teeth and jaws, where the upper teeth are positioned too far forward relative to the lower teeth. It is a common type of bite problem. This condition can manifest in various ways, including excessive overjet, where the horizontal distance between the upper and lower front teeth is too large, or a proclined position of the upper incisors.

The causes of distokklúzió are often multifactorial, involving a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental influences. Habits such as prolonged thumb-sucking, pacifier use, or tongue thrusting during childhood can contribute to the development of this malocclusion. Skeletal discrepancies, such as a smaller lower jaw or a larger upper jaw, can also play a significant role.

The presence of distokklúzió can have several consequences. It can affect facial aesthetics, leading to a profile where the upper lip appears to protrude. Functionally, it can impair proper chewing, speech, and can increase the risk of trauma to the protruded upper front teeth. In some cases, it can also lead to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough clinical examination, including assessment of the teeth, bite, and facial profile. Radiographic imaging, such as panoramic X-rays and cephalometric analyses, are often used to evaluate the skeletal and dental relationships. Treatment approaches vary depending on the severity of the malocclusion, the patient's age, and the underlying causes. Options may include orthodontic appliances, such as braces or clear aligners, to correct tooth position, or in more severe skeletal cases, orthognathic surgery may be considered. Early intervention is often recommended to achieve optimal outcomes.