protruded

Protruded is the past tense and past participle of protrude, a verb meaning to extend forward beyond a surface or boundary. When something protruded, it has extended outward relative to its surroundings or emerged beyond an edge. The present participle protruding is more common for ongoing situations.

Etymology and terminology: Protrude comes from Latin protrudere, pro- meaning forward and trudere meaning to thrust. In most contexts, protruded denotes a completed action or state, while protruding describes the ongoing condition.

Contexts and uses: In anatomy and medicine, protruded features are those that extend forward beyond their typical position, such as protruded lips or a protruded jaw. In dentistry, protruded incisors refer to teeth that project forward beyond the dental arch, often in discussions of malocclusion. In geology and geography, protrusions are outward extensions of terrain, such as cliffs or rock formations that protrude from a hillside or coast; one might say a rock protruded from the ground in a descriptive passage. In everyday language, objects or parts that extend past a surface—roots, edges, or hardware—may be described as protruded when speaking of a past observation or event.

Related terms: Protrusion (the noun form describing the outward extension), protruding (the present participle), projection, jut, bulge, and, in manufacturing contexts, extrusion.

In summary, protruded conveys that something has extended outward beyond its surroundings, typically in a completed or observed sense.