dislocate

Dislocate is a verb meaning to move something from its proper place. In medical terms, to dislocate a joint means the ends of two bones are forced out of their normal alignment, creating a joint dislocation. This is different from a subluxation, where the bones are partially displaced, and from a fracture, which involves broken bone tissue.

Dislocations most often involve the shoulder, but can occur in other joints such as the elbow, finger, hip, knee, or jaw (temporomandibular joint). They are typically caused by trauma or a sudden, forceful impact. Recurrent dislocations can occur when a joint is unstable due to lax connective tissue, previous injuries, or anatomical defects.

Symptoms and diagnosis usually include severe joint pain, visible deformity or inability to use the joint, swelling or bruising, and numbness or tingling if nerves or blood vessels are affected. A clinician typically confirms the diagnosis with imaging, most commonly X-rays; other imaging such as CT or MRI may be used to assess associated injuries or soft tissue damage.

Treatment requires urgent medical attention. Reduction, the realignment of the joint, should be performed by trained professionals, often after analgesia or sedation. After reduction, the joint is immobilized for a period to promote healing, followed by rehabilitation or physical therapy. Some dislocations involve surgical repair of associated injuries or damaged structures.

Complications can include nerve or blood vessel injury, recurrent dislocations, post-traumatic stiffness, or avascular necrosis in certain joints. Prognosis depends on the joint involved, the presence of associated injuries, and adherence to rehabilitation. Prevention focuses on protective equipment, safe movement techniques, and addressing underlying joint instability when present.