diethanolamide

Diethanolamide is a class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of two ethanolamine groups attached to a carboxylic acid. They are typically formed by the reaction of a fatty acid with excess diethanolamine. The most common examples are cocamide diethanolamine and lauramide diethanolamine. These compounds are widely used as surfactants, emulsifiers, and viscosity builders in a variety of personal care products.

In formulations, diethanolamides help to create lather, stabilize emulsions, and thicken liquids. Their amphiphilic nature allows them to bridge the gap between oil and water, making them effective in shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and liquid soaps. They can also be found in industrial cleaning agents and some agricultural formulations. The specific properties of a diethanolamide depend on the fatty acid used in its synthesis. For instance, cocamide diethanolamine, derived from coconut oil, has different characteristics than lauramide diethanolamine, which comes from lauric acid.

While generally considered safe for use in cosmetic products, concerns have been raised regarding the potential for diethanolamides to form nitrosamines, which are known carcinogens. Regulatory bodies in various regions have established guidelines and limits for the presence of free diethanolamine and nitrosamines in cosmetic products to ensure consumer safety. Manufacturers often take steps to minimize the formation of nitrosamines during production and storage.