dieselmotorit

Dieselmotorit, or diesel engines, are a class of internal combustion engines that operate on the principle of compression ignition. In a typical four-stroke diesel engine, ambient air is drawn into the cylinder and compressed to a high density. The resulting high temperature causes injected fuel to ignite automatically, without a spark plug. This arrangement allows lean fuel–air mixtures and generally yields high thermal efficiency and strong torque at low speed. Modern diesels use electronic fuel injection, turbocharging, intercooling, and exhaust aftertreatment to meet contemporary emissions standards.

The diesel engine was developed in the late 19th century by Rudolf Diesel. The first working engine ran in 1897, and the technology rapidly evolved from stationary and agricultural uses to automotive and marine applications. Improvements in compression ratios, direct injection, and fuel systems contributed to greater efficiency and power.

Diesel engines come in four-stroke and two-stroke designs, with inline, V, or flat configurations. They may be turbocharged and intercooled. Fuel systems range from mechanical injection to modern common-rail injection. The engines can run on various diesel fuels, including low-sulfur grades and heavy fuels for some marine applications. Glow plugs assist cold-starting. Two-stroke diesels are common in ships and some stationary generators.

Diesel engines typically achieve higher thermal efficiency than gasoline engines and offer high torque at low speeds, making them suitable for heavy vehicles and industrial use. They produce more NOx and particulates, which is mitigated by exhaust gas recirculation, diesel particulate filters, and selective catalytic reduction, along with compliance to emissions standards.

Dieselmotorit are widely used in trucks, buses, ships, trains, construction and agricultural equipment, and as stationary power sources in generators and backup systems. Ongoing developments focus on efficiency, durability, and reduced emissions, including advanced fuel injection, electrified powertrains, and optimized combustion strategies.