diastéma

Diastema refers to a natural gap or space between two teeth. While most commonly discussed in relation to the central incisors, it can occur between any two teeth in the mouth. Diastema is a relatively common phenomenon and can affect individuals of all ages.

The causes of diastema are varied. It can be genetic, meaning it runs in families. It can also be caused by disproportion in the size of the teeth relative to the jawbone, where teeth are too small for the available space. Another common cause is an imbalance in the relationship between the teeth and the frenum, a band of tissue that connects the lip to the gum. If the labial frenum is enlarged or attaches too low, it can prevent the front teeth from closing together. Missing teeth or unusually small teeth can also create spaces.

Diastema is usually asymptomatic and does not cause pain. However, in some cases, it can affect speech or be a cosmetic concern for individuals. Dentists can diagnose diastema through a visual examination and sometimes with the aid of X-rays.

Treatment options for diastema depend on the underlying cause and the severity of the gap. Minor gaps may not require treatment. For cosmetic concerns or functional issues, orthodontics, such as braces or clear aligners, can be used to close the space by moving the teeth together. Dental bonding, using tooth-colored composite resin, can also be applied to fill the gap. In some instances, veneers or crowns may be used. If an enlarged frenum is the cause, a minor surgical procedure called a frenectomy may be recommended.