detectionsurvey

Detection survey is a systematic activity designed to identify and measure occurrences of a target signal, object, or event within a defined domain. The term is used across disciplines, including astronomy, physics, epidemiology, environmental science, and security.

Goals include estimating presence and frequency, characterizing properties of detected targets, mapping spatial or temporal distributions, and assessing the survey's sensitivity and completeness. A detection survey is planned with a sampling frame, instrument configuration, observation or data collection cadence, and predefined detection criteria.

Data are processed with detection algorithms and quality controls. Outputs typically include a catalog of detections, maps or graphs of sensitivity, and statistical estimates of detection efficiency, false-positive rates, and uncertainties. In astronomy, detection surveys may use image processing and source extraction; in epidemiology, they may rely on screening tests and confirmatory diagnostics.

Long-running astronomical surveys search for transient or moving objects. Epidemiological detection surveys monitor disease prevalence or outbreaks. Environmental detection surveys track pollutants or species presence. The specific methods and interpretations depend on the target and domain.

Common challenges include biases from selection effects, incomplete coverage, measurement error, and resource limitations. Ethical considerations may involve privacy concerns in health or security-focused surveys.

See also: survey, surveillance, detection, sampling.