dagadás

Dagadás, or edema, is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of the body. It can be localized to a specific area, such as the legs or ankles, or generalized, affecting multiple parts of the body. A common clinical sign is swelling that leaves a temporary indentation when pressed (pitting edema), though some forms may be non-pitting.

Causes of dagadás fall into several categories. Increased hydrostatic pressure from venous insufficiency, heart failure, or blood clots can push fluid into tissues. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure due to low albumin from liver disease, kidney disease, or malnutrition can reduce fluid retention in vessels. Lymphatic obstruction from infections, injury, or cancer can cause localized swelling. Increased capillary permeability from inflammation or allergic reactions can contribute. Medications such as certain calcium channel blockers and NSAIDs, and physiological states like pregnancy or prolonged standing, can also cause edema.

Pathophysiology involves an imbalance in fluid dynamics between the blood vessels and surrounding tissues, often described by Starling forces. When these forces favor fluid leakage into tissues or hinder its return to the circulation, interstitial fluid accumulates.

Diagnosis requires a clinical evaluation to determine the extent and distribution of swelling and to identify underlying causes. Tests may include blood work (kidney and liver function, albumin, electrolytes, and markers of heart failure), imaging (ultrasound to exclude deep vein thrombosis, echocardiography), and, where appropriate, imaging of affected areas.

Treatment targets the underlying cause. Measures such as leg elevation and compression for leg edema, salt restriction, and diuretics are used in many cases, under medical supervision. Early management of chronic conditions and lifestyle changes can prevent recurrence and reduce complications like skin breakdown or infection.