cukorbetegségre

Cukorbetegség, or diabetes mellitus, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood. This occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar.

There are several types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It typically develops in children and young adults and requires lifelong insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form, accounting for about 90% of all cases. It is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells don't respond properly to insulin, and eventually, the pancreas may not be able to produce enough insulin to compensate. Type 2 diabetes is often associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity and lack of physical activity, though genetics also plays a role. Gestational diabetes is a temporary form that occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth, but it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life for both the mother and the child.

Symptoms of diabetes can include frequent urination, excessive thirst, increased hunger, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing sores. If left unmanaged, diabetes can lead to serious long-term complications affecting the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Diagnosis is typically made through blood glucose tests. Management involves lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, and in many cases, medication, including insulin. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is crucial for effective management.