crucifix

A crucifix is a cross that bears the figure of Jesus Christ, typically depicted at the crucifixion. The term comes from the Latin crucifixus, meaning “fixed to the cross.” It is distinguished from a plain cross by the presence of a corpus, or body, which may be rendered in sculpture, painting, or relief and attached to the cross.

Design and variations commonly found in Western Christianity emphasize a vertical cross with a lifelike or stylized representation of Christ. The corpus can be carved from wood, cast in metal, or sculpted from other materials and affixed to the cross, sometimes with attention to compassion and detail. While the Latin cross is the most familiar form for a crucifix, other cross forms exist in different traditions. In Eastern Christianity, crucifixion imagery may appear on various types of crosses and icons, though the presentation can differ from Western practice.

Historically, crucifix depictions emerged in late antiquity and became widespread in medieval Western art and worship. In Catholic and Anglican contexts, crucifixes are commonly used in churches, chapels, and devotional settings, including on altars and in processions. In many Protestant denominations, crucifix imagery is less emphasized, with a preference for the plain cross. The crucifix remains a symbol of the Passion, emphasizing Jesus’ humanity and suffering, and it functions as a focus for prayer, meditation, and theological reflection.

In contemporary use, crucifixes appear in religious spaces, private homes, educational institutions, and in art and jewelry. They vary in scale, material, and style, reflecting regional traditions and devotional purposes.