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Crosslinking is a chemical process used to improve the properties of materials, particularly polymers. It involves the formation of covalent bonds between polymer chains, which enhances the material's mechanical strength, thermal stability, and resistance to chemicals and solvents. This process can be achieved through various methods, including radiation-induced crosslinking, chemical crosslinking, and thermal crosslinking.

Radiation-induced crosslinking typically uses high-energy radiation sources such as electron beams or gamma rays to initiate the formation of covalent bonds between polymer chains. This method is commonly used in the modification of materials like rubber and plastics to improve their durability and performance.

Chemical crosslinking involves the use of specific chemicals or reagents that react with the polymer chains to form covalent bonds. Common crosslinking agents include peroxides, sulfides, and isocyanates. This method is widely employed in the production of materials with enhanced properties, such as adhesives, coatings, and sealants.

Thermal crosslinking occurs when heat is applied to the polymer, causing it to form covalent bonds between chains. This method is often used in the production of thermosetting plastics, which are characterized by their high strength and resistance to heat and chemicals.

Crosslinking has numerous applications across various industries, including automotive, aerospace, construction, and electronics. It is used to enhance the performance and longevity of materials, making them suitable for demanding environments and applications. The choice of crosslinking method depends on the specific requirements of the material and the desired properties.