coyotes

Coyotes (Canis latrans) are medium-sized North American canids widely distributed across the continent. Native to most of the United States and Canada, their range extends into northern Mexico and has expanded in recent decades into eastern regions and urban areas. They inhabit deserts, grasslands, forests, mountains, and agricultural lands, and are noted for their adaptability to altered landscapes and human activity.

Physically, coyotes are lean with a narrow muzzle, large pointed ears, and a bushy tail often carried low. They typically weigh 7 to 20 kilograms (15–45 pounds) and stand about 40 to 60 centimeters (16–24 inches) tall at the shoulder. Coat color is variable, usually grayish-tan with pale underparts and a dark-tipped tail. They are social animals but can be solitary or form small family groups; pack size often centers on a breeding pair and their offspring. Vocalizations include yips, barks, howls, and screams for communication and territorial defense.

Diet and reproduction: Coyotes are omnivorous feeders, preying on small mammals such as rodents and rabbits, as well as insects, fruits, carrion, and occasionally birds. The breeding season typically runs from January to March, with a gestation of about 63 days. Litters range from about 4 to 7 offspring. Pups are cared for by both parents, with juveniles remaining with the family for several months before dispersing.

Interactions with humans: In some regions, coyotes are perceived as a threat to livestock and pets, leading to management efforts such as securing attractants, fencing, guard animals, and hazing to deter attacks. Conservation status is listed as Least Concern by major authorities, reflecting broad populations and ecological flexibility.