counselor

A counselor is a trained professional who offers guidance, support, and problem-solving to individuals, couples, families, or groups dealing with personal, social, or emotional difficulties. The work emphasizes coping strategies, decision-making, and strengthening functioning, often alongside other health professionals. Counselors may specialize in mental health, education, career, or addiction.

Common areas include mental health counseling, school or guidance counseling, career and college counseling, addiction and rehabilitation counseling, and marriage or family counseling. Settings include private practice, community clinics, hospitals, schools, and universities.

Education and licensure: Most counselors hold a master's degree in counseling, psychology, or a related field, plus supervised clinical experience. Licensure or credentialing varies by jurisdiction, with titles such as Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC), or similar. Practitioners may take national or state examinations, such as the NCE or NCMHCE, and complete ongoing continuing education.

Practices and approaches: Counselors conduct intake assessments, develop treatment or counseling plans, and provide individual, group, or family sessions. They use techniques across theories—person-centered, cognitive-behavioral, solution-focused, motivational interviewing—tailored to client needs. The work often involves crisis intervention, referrals, advocacy, and documenting progress.

Ethics and confidentiality: Professional counselors follow ethical codes set by associations such as the American Counseling Association. They emphasize confidentiality with certain legal and safety exceptions, including mandated reporting of abuse or imminent harm. In schools, confidentiality must balance privacy with classroom responsibilities and educational rights (e.g., FERPA).

Outlook and impact: Counseling aims to improve well-being, functioning, and resilience, helping clients manage stress, relationships, and life transitions. Demand covers diverse populations, including youth, adults, and underserved communities.