converteri

Converteri is plural in Italian for devices or systems that transform a quantity from one form to another. In a broad sense, they include electrical, mechanical, and information-processing devices, and they are integral to modern electronics, telecommunications, and computing.

In electrical engineering, power converters modify voltage, current, or frequency. Common types are rectifiers (AC to DC), DC-DC converters, and DC-AC inverters. AC-AC converters, such as cycloconverters or matrix converters, adjust frequency and amplitude without intermediate conversion. Most contemporary converters use switching techniques with inductors, transformers, and semiconductor switches to improve efficiency, while linear regulators provide simpler, lower-noise regulation at the cost of efficiency.

Signal converters translate between physical signals and digital representations. Analog-to-digital converters (ADC) sample continuous signals to yield digital data, while digital-to-analog converters (DAC) reconstruct analog signals from digital data. Other related devices include level shifters that adapt signal voltage levels and analog impedance converters used in measurement chains.

Software and data-oriented converters transform data formats, units, or encodings. Examples include unit converters, file or codec converters, and data-type or protocol converters, often implemented in hardware, firmware, or software to enable interoperability between systems.

Applications and considerations vary by domain. Power converters enable renewable energy integration, charging infrastructure, and variable-speed drives. Signal and data converters affect accuracy, latency, bandwidth, noise, and power consumption. Standards and testing ensure compatibility and safety across devices and networks.