cobras

Cobra is a common name for several venomous snakes in the family Elapidae. True cobras belong to the genus Naja, found in Africa and Asia, and are known for their distinctive hood. The term is also used informally for other venomous snakes, including the king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), which is not a true cobra by taxonomic definition but is commonly called a cobra.

Cobras vary in size and coloration but share hood-raising behavior when threatened. Spitting cobras can eject venom toward the eyes at threat distance. Most cobras are terrestrial and prefer habitats ranging from forests to grasslands and agricultural areas. They are generally shy and will flee if given the chance, defending themselves primarily when cornered.

Venom is primarily neurotoxic, with some species also producing cytotoxic components. Envenomation can cause neuroparalysis, respiratory failure, tissue swelling, and necrosis. Effective treatment relies on prompt, species-specific antivenom and supportive medical care; first aid emphasizes immobilization, reassurance, and seeking urgent medical attention.

Diet consists mainly of small vertebrates such as rodents, lizards, birds, and eggs. Reproduction varies: many cobras lay eggs (oviparous), while a few species give birth to live young. Habitat loss and direct persecution threaten several species, and some are listed by the IUCN as vulnerable or endangered.