clearcut

Clearcutting is a forest harvesting method in which most or all trees in a stand are removed in a single operation, often creating an even-aged forest once regeneration proceeds. It is used to maximize timber yield and to facilitate regeneration of species that establish well after high light levels or that reproduce primarily by seed after disturbance.

During harvest, roads are built to access the site, most trees are felled and removed, and the remaining material is processed for transport. Some designs leave seed trees or a small number of mature trees to act as a seed source and to provide shelter for regenerating seedlings. Regeneration can occur naturally or through planting, depending on species, site conditions, and management objectives.

Environmental and social effects vary. Proponents cite high-yield timber production, efficient harvest, and rapid stand development for certain species. Critics point to habitat loss, disruption of wildlife, increased soil erosion and nutrient depletion, altered water runoff, microclimate changes, and visual impacts. To reduce harm, some clearcuts are implemented as partial or patch cuts, with retention of wildlife trees, buffer zones along streams, or subsequent uneven-age management.

Regulation and practice vary by country and region. Many jurisdictions require forest management plans, environmental impact assessments, and post-harvest site preparation and reforestation. Alternatives to clearcutting include selective logging, shelterwood or seed-tree methods, variable retention harvesting, and other strategies aimed at maintaining continuous cover and biodiversity.