felled

Felled is the past participle of the verb fell and, when used as an adjective, means that something has been caused to fall or has been cut down. The primary sense is to bring down a tree or other standing object, usually for timber, land clearing, or safety reasons. In forestry, felled trees are those that have been cut and are no longer standing; they may be left on-site or transported to a mill.

As a transitive verb, fell can be used in active voice: "loggers felled several mature pines this season." In passive voice, "the trees were felled" conveys the same meaning. In addition to timber, felled can describe beings or objects knocked to the ground, such as a person felled by a blow or a storm felling power lines.

Origin and usage: The term derives from the verb fell, used since Old English to mean "to strike down" or "to cut down"; felled is its past tense and past participle form. The word is most common in contexts related to forestry, land management, and accident or combat descriptions.

Related concepts include standing timber, timber harvesting, logging, and clearance practices. The term can also appear in legal or regulatory language when describing the condition of land or resources after felling operations. Overall, felled conveys the state of having been brought down from a previously upright position.