cinematographers

A cinematographer, or director of photography (DP), is the principal architect of a film’s or television program’s visual look. They are responsible for camera placement and movement, lighting design, lens choice, exposure, color, and composition, translating the director’s vision into images.

On set, the cinematographer leads the camera department and collaborates with the production designer, gaffer, and colorist. They plan sequences, select cameras and lenses, and supervise lighting setups. They make technical and aesthetic decisions about shot size, framing, movement, and exposure, balancing creative goals with schedule, budget, and safety.

In postproduction, they may participate in color grading to preserve the intended look and ensure visual continuity. The role spans both film and digital workflows, with emphasis on dynamic range, color science, and image preservation. Equipment ranges from film stock to digital cameras (ARRI, RED, Sony, etc.), plus rigs for stabilization and lighting.

History and practice: The term director of photography is common in Hollywood and the UK; cinematographer is widely used as well. The profession grew with narrative cinema and has evolved with digital imaging and sophisticated lighting. Career paths usually pass through the camera department—on-set crew, first assistant camera, focus puller—often supported by film-school training or apprenticeships, and union membership such as the ICG Local 600.

Notable cinematographers include Gregg Toland, Vittorio Storaro, Roger Deakins, Emmanuel Lubezki, and Gordon Willis, among others.