censure

Censure is a formal expression of disapproval issued by a legislative body or organization toward a member for conduct judged inappropriate or in violation of rules, ethics, or norms. It is typically less severe than removal or expulsion and is often intended as a public rebuke that carries primarily reputational weight, though in some bodies it can accompany limited sanctions such as loss of privileges or committee assignments.

In legislative settings, censure is usually enacted through a formal vote on a resolution or motion of censure. Procedures and consequences vary by jurisdiction, but the action generally does not remove the member from office. Rather, it serves as an official denunciation and a signal to the member and to the public. Censure can affect a member’s standing within a chamber, influence committee duties, and shape political reputation.

Notable examples in the United States include the House’s censure of Representative Charlie Rangel in 2010 for ethics violations and the censure of Representative Joe Wilson in 2010 for remarks deemed inappropriate during a presidential address. In other countries, motions of censure may be used by parliaments or political parties to condemn ministers or officials, often as a political instrument rather than a legal penalty.

Beyond politics, censure is also used by professional associations, corporations, and other organizations. A censured member may face sanctions such as probation, fines, or suspension, and the act is typically documented publicly. While censure stops short of removing a person from a position, it can have lasting effects on career prospects, leadership opportunities, and public trust.