carotidofemorale

Carotidofemorale, commonly referred to as carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf), is a noninvasive measure of central arterial stiffness. It represents the distance between the carotid and femoral arterial sites divided by the transit time of the pulse wave between these points, giving a velocity in meters per second. The metric reflects the speed at which the pressure wave travels through the aorta and proximal arteries; a higher PWV indicates stiffer arteries.

Measurement is typically performed with applanation tonometry or Doppler ultrasound. Sensors are placed over the carotid and femoral arteries to capture pulse wave arrival times, and the surface distance between sites is measured to compute PWV. Some devices estimate transit time from single or composite recordings, providing a convenient assessment during a clinical visit. PWVcf values are influenced by age and cardiovascular risk factors, and normative data vary by device and population.

Clinical significance of carotid–femoral PWV lies in its role as an established marker of arterial stiffness and an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. It complements traditional risk factors and can aid risk stratification and management in hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and other vascular conditions. Higher PWV values are consistently associated with greater cardiovascular risk.

Limitations include the need for standardized technique and conditions, as measurement accuracy can be affected by obesity, peripheral arterial disease, arrhythmias, or high heart rate. Inter-device variability exists, and measurement protocols should be consistent. It is used as part of a broader assessment rather than a standalone diagnosis.