capillaroskopia

Capillaroscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic technique used to examine the capillaries, the smallest blood vessels in the body. It involves the use of a specialized microscope, often a dermatoscope or a video capillaroscope, to visualize the capillaries, primarily in the nail folds of the fingers and toes. The examination typically involves placing a drop of immersion oil on the nail fold to improve visualization and then observing the blood flow, capillary structure, and any abnormalities.

The primary purpose of capillaroscopy is to detect and evaluate changes in the microcirculation, which can be indicative of various systemic diseases. It is particularly useful in the diagnosis and management of connective tissue diseases such as systemic sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, and dermatomyositis. Abnormal findings may include the presence of enlarged capillaries (megacapillaries), dilated capillaries, avascular areas where capillaries are absent, and the formation of new, disorganized capillaries (neovascularization).

The nail fold is the preferred site for examination due to its accessibility and the relatively thin nature of the skin, allowing for clear visualization of the capillary loops. The procedure is generally painless and quick, typically taking only a few minutes. Capillaroscopy can provide valuable information about disease activity, help differentiate between various autoimmune conditions, and monitor the effectiveness of treatment. While it is a specialized diagnostic tool, its interpretation requires expertise in rheumatology or dermatology.