capillaroscope

A capillaroscope is a medical instrument used to examine capillaries, the smallest of blood vessels. It typically consists of a light source and a magnifying lens, often mounted on a handheld device. The capillaroscope illuminates the skin, usually on the nail fold or fingertip, allowing for direct visualization of the capillary structure, size, and flow. This non-invasive examination helps in assessing the microcirculation of blood.

The primary use of a capillaroscope is in the diagnosis and management of various connective tissue diseases, particularly those affecting the blood vessels, such as scleroderma and Raynaud's phenomenon. Abnormalities in capillary morphology, such as dilation, tortuosity, or the presence of avascular areas, can indicate underlying systemic conditions. Dermatologists and rheumatologists commonly employ capillaroscopy as part of their diagnostic toolkit.

The procedure is generally quick and painless. The healthcare provider places the capillaroscope against the skin and observes the magnified image on a screen or through an eyepiece. The findings are then documented and correlated with the patient's clinical symptoms. Variations in capillaroscope design exist, including contact and non-contact types, with some incorporating digital imaging capabilities for enhanced analysis and record-keeping. Its utility lies in providing objective evidence of microcirculatory changes that might not be apparent through other clinical examinations.