Dermatologists

Dermatologists are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes. After earning a medical degree, they complete a residency in dermatology, often followed by fellowships in subspecialties such as pediatric dermatology, Mohs micrographic surgery, dermatopathology, or cosmetic dermatology. In many countries, dermatologists are board-certified after passing specialty examinations. The field combines medical, surgical, and cosmetic approaches to care and emphasizes preventive strategies, early detection, and patient education.

Dermatologists evaluate a wide range of conditions including acne, eczema, psoriasis, rosacea, warts, fungal infections, hair and nail disorders, and skin cancer. They use history, physical examination, dermoscopy, and skin biopsies to diagnose diseases. Treatments include topical therapies such as steroids and retinoids, oral medications, phototherapy, and laser or surgical procedures. Procedures may include lesion removal, cryotherapy, biopsies, and Mohs micrographic surgery for certain skin cancers. They also manage chronic inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases and coordinate cancer surveillance with other clinicians.

Dermatologists work in private practices, hospital clinics, academic medical centers, and specialized skin cancer centers. They collaborate with primary care physicians, surgeons, oncologists, and, when needed, pediatricians and rheumatologists. Training emphasizes patient communication, dermatopathology, and procedural skills. Research areas include understanding skin disease mechanisms, improving diagnostic tools, and developing new therapies. In addition to medical care, dermatologists may offer cosmetic procedures and guidance on skin health, sun protection, and skincare products. The specialty plays a key role in dermatologic public health by recognizing skin cancer early and managing chronic conditions that affect quality of life.