camaldulensis

Eucalyptus camaldulensis, commonly known as the river red gum, is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is native to Australia and is one of the most widely distributed and cultivated eucalyptus species, valued for timber, shade, and ornament.

The tree is tall and evergreen, typically reaching 20–40 meters in height, with a trunk that often presents rough, persistent bark at the base and smooth, pale bark higher up that sheds in ribbons. Mature leaves are lanceolate and glossy green, while juvenile leaves are often broader and may be arranged oppositely. Flowers are white to pale cream, produced in clusters, with flowering timing varying by rainfall and climate. The fruit is a woody capsule, commonly called a gum nut.

Eucalyptus camaldulensis is native across much of mainland Australia, especially along rivers and floodplains. It tolerates a range of soils, from loams to heavier clays, and a variety of climates, displaying rapid growth under suitable conditions. It is frequently used in revegetation, riverbank stabilization, and agroforestry programs, and is widely planted outside Australia in tropical and subtropical regions for timber and ornamental purposes.

In terms of ecology and practical use, river red gum timber is valued for strength and durability and is used in flooring, fencing, and general construction. The species also contributes to honey production and is planted as an ornamental street tree. In non-native regions, it can become invasive in some ecosystems and may require management to mitigate ecological impacts, including considerations of water use and competition with local vegetation.