brahmacharya

Brahmacharya is a concept in Hinduism and related Indian traditions referring to self-discipline in the use of energy, especially sexual energy, for spiritual purposes. The term comes from Sanskrit, with brahma meaning Brahman or universal consciousness and charya meaning conduct or behavior; thus it is often interpreted as conduct that leads toward Brahman.

In Hinduism, brahmacharya is associated with the student stage of life, known as the brahmachari phase, during which a person is expected to practice celibacy, study, and cultivate self-control. In many lineages, the vow of celibacy is tied to this stage, while householders may adopt a broader sense of restraint, moderating desires rather than denying them entirely. Some monastic groups take brahmacharya as a strict lifelong vow.

In the yoga tradition, brahmacharya is one of the yamas, the ethical restraints. It is commonly described as continence or celibacy and is often linked to the conservation of vital energy (ojas) to support meditation and spiritual development. Interpretations vary: some schools advocate literal celibacy, while others emphasize control over sensual impulses and their redirection toward higher aims.

In modern discourse, brahmacharya is frequently discussed as a broader discipline of self-control, balance, and ethical living rather than a rigid prohibition. Across traditions, it is understood within the context of personal vows, spiritual goals, and the duties of different stages of life.