bornavirus

Bornavirus is a genus of negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. These viruses are known to infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including birds, mammals, and reptiles. Bornaviruses are often associated with neurological disease in their hosts, though they can also cause a range of other symptoms depending on the specific virus and host.

The most well-known member of this genus is Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), which primarily affects horses and sheep, causing neurological signs such as behavioral changes, ataxia, and paralysis. In humans, a related virus, Borna disease virus 2 (BoDV-2), has been implicated as a potential cause of certain neurological and psychiatric disorders, although its role is still under investigation.

Bornaviruses are transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, often via saliva or respiratory secretions. The viruses infect cells of the nervous system, leading to inflammation and neuronal damage. Diagnosis typically involves serological tests to detect antibodies against the virus or molecular methods to identify viral RNA or antigens. There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for bornavirus infections, and management focuses on supportive care. Research into bornaviruses continues to explore their pathogenesis, transmission, and potential links to human diseases.