bomber

A bomber is a military aircraft designed primarily to attack ground or maritime targets by delivering explosive weapons. Bombers typically feature high payload capacity, long range, and onboard crews; modern designs often employ precision-guided munitions and, in some cases, low-observable (stealth) technologies. They are generally categorized as strategic bombers, intended for long-range strikes against industrial or military targets, and tactical bombers, designed for closer support of ground forces or regional targets. Some aircraft are multirole, capable of performing several mission types.

Historical development began in the early 20th century and progressed through the World War II era, when large multi-engine bombers such as the Avro Lancaster and Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress became central to air campaigns. After the war, emphasis shifted to nuclear delivery and global reach, leading to enduring platforms like the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress. In later generations, stealth and precision weapons reduced the need for large numbers of aircraft and increased survivability, exemplified by the B-2 Spirit and the B-1 Lancer. Soviet and Russian designs such as the Tu-95 Bear and Tu-160 Blackjack have remained in service with various upgrades, while others, like cruise missiles, extend a bomber’s reach without requiring a direct airstrike.

Notable bomber aircraft include the B-52, B-2, B-1, Tu-160, Tu-95, and historically significant types such as the Lancaster and B-17. The bomber concept has influenced air power doctrine, including strategic bombing, deterrence, and the development of precision-guided weapons, and it continues to play a role in many nations’ military planning.