Tu95

The Tu-95, NATO reporting name Bear, is a large Russian (formerly Soviet) turboprop-powered strategic bomber developed by Tupolev. It is distinguished by its four NK-12 turboprop engines driving coaxial, counter-rotating propellers, which give the aircraft a distinctive sound and enable very long range. The design features a swept wing and a tall vertical tail, optimized for stability and payload delivery at long distances.

Development began in the late 1940s, with the first flight in 1952 and entry into service in 1956. Intended as a long-range bomber capable of penetrating air defenses, the Tu-95 was later adapted to launch air-launched cruise missiles, increasing its strategic reach. A civil derivative, the Tu-114, evolved from the same airframe for long-range transport and passenger service.

Operationally, the Tu-95 family formed the backbone of Soviet and later Russian long-range aviation during the Cold War. Early versions carried gravity bombs and missiles; subsequent variants introduced and refined the ability to deliver air-launched cruise missiles, expanding strike options. Despite gradual modernization, the aircraft remains in service with Russia, serving in roles such as long-range bombing, maritime patrol, and deterrence patrols into the 21st century.

Variants have included the Tu-95K (Bear-A) with early cruise missiles, the Tu-95MS (Bear-H) with upgraded avionics and missile compatibility, and the modernized Tu-95MSM, which features further avionics and systems improvements. While production has ceased, the Tu-95 family remains a prominent symbol of Russian strategic air power and continues to operate alongside newer platforms.