blockdiagram

A block diagram is a graphical representation of a system in which the major components or functions are represented by labeled blocks connected by lines that indicate the flow of information, energy, or material. The diagram emphasizes the system’s structure and interfaces rather than internal implementation details, making it useful for high-level design and analysis.

Blocks typically denote subsystems, processes, or hardware elements, while the lines or arrows denote the direction and nature of interaction, such as signals, data, or control commands. Each block may expose inputs and outputs called ports, and the diagram may be organized hierarchically, with a block representing a subsystem expanded into its own diagram.

Block diagrams are used in many domains, including electrical engineering, control theory, software architecture, and data processing. They differ from flowcharts in that they focus on structure and connections rather than procedure steps. They are often used to communicate architecture, to perform top-down design, or to model signal flow.

When constructing a block diagram, use consistent symbol shapes, clear labels, and minimal line crossings. Keep the level of abstraction appropriate for the audience, and preserve a logical flow from inputs to outputs. Modern tools support hierarchical diagrams, automatic layout, and integration with documents.