flowcharts

A flowchart is a diagram that represents a sequence of steps in a process or workflow. It uses standardized shapes connected by arrows to illustrate the order of operations, decisions, inputs, and outputs. Flowcharts are used to analyze, design, document, and communicate processes in a clear, visual form.

Core symbols include the rounded rectangle or oval for start and end, the rectangle for a process step, the diamond for a decision, and the parallelogram for input or output. Arrows indicate flow direction. Many organizations reference standard symbol sets published by ISO and ANSI; some notational variants exist, especially in software engineering and data flow diagrams, which use related shapes but different conventions.

Flowcharts originated in the early 20th century for industrial engineering and process improvement, with formal standardization mid-century. They evolved into various forms, including individual-process charts, cross-functional or swimlane charts, and program or algorithm charts that map flow of logic.

Applications include business process modeling, quality improvement (e.g., Six Sigma), software development, and training documentation. Benefits include improved understanding, identification of bottlenecks, and standardization. Limitations include potential complexity for large processes, the risk of oversimplification, and possible misinterpretation if symbols are inconsistent.

Creating effective flowcharts involves starting with a clear scope, using consistent symbols, minimizing line crossings, labeling steps succinctly, and validating the chart with stakeholders. Common tools range from pen and paper to diagramming software such as Visio, Lucidchart, and draw.io.