biomechanika

Biomechanika, or biomechanics, is the interdisciplinary study that applies the laws and methods of mechanics to living systems. It examines how forces interact with biological structures to produce movement, maintain posture, and support function across scales from cells and tissues to whole organisms. The field encompasses the mechanics of bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, blood flow, and the neuromuscular control that coordinates motion.

Researchers use a combination of experimental and computational approaches. Experimental methods include motion capture, force plates, electromyography, and imaging techniques such as MRI and CT to measure kinematics, kinetics, and tissue properties. Computational tools include musculoskeletal modeling, finite element analysis, and multibody dynamics to simulate movement, estimate internal stresses, and predict responses to changes in structure or loading.

Applications of biomechanika span medicine, engineering, and biology. In medicine and rehabilitation, it informs orthopedics, sports science, prosthetics and orthotics design, and ergonomic assessment. In biology and zoology, it aids the study of functional morphology and locomotion across species. In robotics and bio-inspired design, principles of biomechanics guide the development of assistive devices, actuators, and autonomous systems.

Historically, biomechanics has roots in early anatomists and physiologists and has evolved with advances in imaging, computing, and experimental instrumentation. Modern biomechanika integrates cellular mechanics, tissue and organ mechanics, and systems-level analysis, offering quantitative insight into how living bodies move and sustain function.