bilim

Bilim is the Turkish term for science and, more broadly, the systematic body of knowledge produced by humanity through observation, experimentation, and rational inquiry about the natural world, social processes, and abstract ideas. It seeks to explain phenomena, predict outcomes, and provide reliable understanding that can be tested and refined.

Etymology: The word derives from the Turkish verb bilmek, meaning "to know," with the noun-forming suffix -im. In Turkish usage, bilim denotes knowledge or learning and is closely linked to the adjective bilimsel, meaning "scientific."

Scope and methods: Central to bilimin is the scientific method—formulating hypotheses, designing and conducting experiments or observations, collecting data, and evaluating conclusions through analysis, replication, and peer review. Sciences are commonly divided into natural sciences (for example physics, chemistry, biology), social sciences (such as sociology, economics, psychology), and formal sciences (including mathematics and computer science).

Branches and applications: Bilim encompasses a wide range of disciplines, each contributing to technology, medicine, agriculture, energy, and environmental stewardship. Its findings often advance engineering, public health, and policy decisions, while also raising ethical and societal questions about risk, equity, and the proper use of knowledge.

History and context: The development of bilim has occurred across civilizations and periods. In modern Turkey, institutions such as universities and research centers support scientific research, education, and international collaboration, aligning with global standards of inquiry and publication.