beznouns

Beznouns are a proposed lexical category in linguistic typology describing a subset of nouns that behave atypically in predication, counting, and determiner systems. The term beznoun combines a sense of deviation from standard noun behavior with the word noun, signaling their unusual relation to predication and number features. Beznouns are defined by three core properties: they commonly resist standard determiner marking, they typically lack independent plural morphology, and when quantified they require a classifier or a special numeral construction. Semantically, beznouns often denote properties, relations, events, or substances that resist discrete individuation.

In syntax, beznouns frequently participate in predication through non-standard copulas or in equative constructions where the predicate expresses a state rather than identity. They may appear with adjectives that are non-degree-bearing or with relational predicates rather than attributive adjectives. Counting beznouns relies on classifiers; languages described as having beznouns exhibit restrictions on numerals and agreement.

Beznouns are discussed in cross-linguistic typology as a possible explanation for certain noun-internal patterns and classifier systems. Some researchers view beznouns as a subclass of mass or abstract nouns, while others argue they form a distinct typological category tied to the interaction of determiners, classifiers, and predication. The term remains subject to debate, and its cross-linguistic validity varies by language and analysis. The study of beznouns intersects with discussions of bare nouns, mass nouns, classifiers, and the role of the copula in predication.