benzonatate

Benzonatate is a non-narcotic antitussive used to relieve cough. It is marketed in capsule form under brand names such as Tessalon and Zonatuss. It is approved for short-term relief of cough in adults and in children 10 years and older.

Benzonatate works as a local anesthetic in the respiratory tract. By anesthetizing the stretch receptors in the airways, it reduces the cough reflex at its source rather than suppressing the cough center in the brain. It does not treat the underlying cause of coughing, but helps improve symptoms while other treatments or diagnoses are pursued.

Typical dosing involves taking 100 mg or 200 mg capsules by mouth every 6 hours as needed for cough, with a maximum daily dose of 600 mg. The capsules should be swallowed whole and not chewed or dissolved, as breaking the capsule can release the liquid inside and numb the mouth or throat. Therapy is generally limited to short-term use, often no more than a week unless directed by a clinician.

Common side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, and numbness of the mouth or throat. Serious reactions are rare but can include allergic responses. Caution is advised when consuming alcohol or other sedatives, as CNS effects may be enhanced. Overdose can cause severe drowsiness, confusion, seizures, or coma; seek urgent medical help if overdose is suspected.

Pregnancy and lactation safety are not well established; use should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Benzonatate should not be used in children under 10 years old. As with any cough medicine, seek medical advice if cough persists, worsens, or is accompanied by fever or chest pain.