beading

Beading is the craft of attaching small beads to create decorative items or stringing beads to make jewelry, fabric adornment, or art. Beads include glass, seed, crystal, gemstone, plastic, wood, and metal. Beading can be decorative or functional and uses a range of materials and techniques.

Common tools include beading needles, scissors, thread or beading wire, a bead mat, pliers, and clasps. Beads are threaded with silk, nylon, or polyester threads, or attached with wire, and finished with knots, crimps, or bead tips.

Techniques vary from stringing beads to weaving and embroidery. On-loom methods such as bead weaving (peyote stitch, brick stitch) produce flat or tubular fabric. Off-loom techniques include bead embroidery, bead crochet, and wirework. Advances in seed beads expanded project possibilities.

Historically, beads have been used for ornament, trade, and ceremonial purposes across cultures. Native American, African, and Asian beadwork traditions remain influential. In Europe and the Middle East, glass beads and later plastic beads facilitated widespread adornment and commercial craft in the modern era.

Beading supports jewelry design, accessories, decorative items, and art. It is practiced by hobbyists, artisans, and students, often with community groups and online resources. Proper technique and material selection influence durability and appearance.

Care and safety: Clean gently with mild soap and water; avoid harsh chemicals. Store beads in containers to prevent tangling. Keep small parts away from children to reduce choking hazards.