backsaws

Backsaws are a class of hand saws defined by a stiffening back along the edge opposite the teeth. The reinforced spine, often made of steel or brass, prevents blade buckling and enables precise control during fine joinery and accurate crosscuts. Backsaws typically have thinner blades than other hand saws, with finer teeth that yield smoother surfaces and tighter cuts.

The term covers several related tools, with dovetail saws and tenon saws being two common varieties. Dovetail saws are small, precise backsaws used for tail-and-pin joinery, while tenon saws are larger and suited for cutting shoulders and cheeks of tenons. Other forms include carcass saws, which strike a balance between length and rigidity, and sash saws, used in picture framing and fine trimming. Across these types, the back provides rigidity, while the tooth configuration is chosen for clean, controlled cuts rather than rapid material removal.

Use and technique emphasize accuracy. The workpiece is clamped, the line is marked, and the blade is guided along the waste side of the line. The back helps maintain a straight cutting path, making it easier to follow the layout. Cuts are often started with a shallow kerf and completed with careful finishing passes. Resharpening involves filing the teeth and restoring any set, while the back itself is not typically altered beyond cleaning and rust protection.

Historically popular in cabinetmaking and carpentry, backsaws remain valued for precision work where straight, square cuts are essential. They are commonly used with a miter box or marking gauges to ensure accuracy.