autotomát

Autotomát refers to a phenomenon observed in certain animals, particularly lizards, where a limb or tail can be voluntarily or involuntarily detached as a defense mechanism against predators. This process is known as autotomy, derived from the Greek words *auto* (self) and *tomé* (cutting). The ability is most famously associated with species like geckos, skinks, and some species of iguanas, though it also occurs in other animals such as certain insects, crustaceans, and even some fish.

During autotomy, specialized joints in the tail or limb allow the animal to sever the appendage cleanly with minimal bleeding. The detachment is often triggered by physical stress, such as being grabbed by a predator, and the body rapidly heals the wound while the detached part may continue to writhe, distracting the threat. The tail or limb typically regenerates over time, though the new growth may not be identical to the original.

The evolutionary advantage of autotomy lies in survival. By sacrificing a non-critical appendage, the animal can escape immediate danger while conserving energy for regeneration. However, the process is not without trade-offs; the animal loses mobility and may become vulnerable to further predation while healing. Some species, like certain lizards, can perform autotomy multiple times in their lifetime, though repeated instances may reduce the effectiveness of regeneration.

Autotomy is a fascinating example of adaptive biology, demonstrating how organisms evolve specialized defenses to enhance their chances of survival in hostile environments. While primarily studied in reptiles, research into this phenomenon continues to provide insights into regenerative biology and evolutionary strategies.