autizmus

Autizmus, in Hungarian usage and many contexts equivalent to autism, is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects social communication and interaction and how a person experiences their surroundings. It is described as a spectrum because symptoms and needs vary widely among individuals. Onset typically occurs in early childhood.

Core features include differences in social reciprocity, nonverbal communication, and forming relationships. People with autizmus may also exhibit restricted interests, repetitive behaviors, and a need for routine. Sensory processing differences and co-occurring conditions such as anxiety or attention difficulties are common.

Causes and prevalence: Autizmus does not have a single cause. It results from a combination of genetic factors and, to a lesser extent, environmental influences that shape early brain development. It occurs across all populations. Estimates vary, but many studies indicate about 1% of children are affected, with more diagnosed in boys than girls.

Diagnosis and care: Diagnosis is usually made by a multidisciplinary team using developmental history and behavioral observations, with criteria in DSM-5 or ICD-11. Early detection enables access to therapies and educational supports. Individuals may require lifelong supports but can lead independent, meaningful lives with appropriate services.

Interventions and social context: There is no cure. Interventions aim to improve communication, social skills, and daily living. Evidence-based options include speech therapy, occupational therapy, and developmentally focused programs; supported education and accommodations are important. The neurodiversity perspective emphasizes respecting autistic people as a different way of experiencing the world, rather than viewing autizmus solely as a disorder.