astringimus

*Astringimus* is a genus of parasitic wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae, which comprises over 60,000 described species. These wasps are known for their association with certain beetles, particularly those in the family Scarabaeidae, such as dung beetles. The genus is primarily found in the Palearctic and Nearctic regions, with some species extending into the Oriental realm.

The life cycle of *Astringimus* species is closely tied to their beetle hosts. Female wasps lay their eggs inside or near the developing larvae of dung beetles. Upon hatching, the wasp larvae consume the beetle larvae from within, eventually killing and consuming their host. This parasitic relationship makes *Astringimus* species significant in natural pest control, as they help regulate beetle populations.

Morphologically, *Astringimus* wasps exhibit typical ichneumonid traits, such as slender bodies, long ovipositors, and often metallic or iridescent coloring. Their size varies, but most species range between 5 and 15 millimeters in length. The genus is distinguished by specific anatomical features, including unique structures on the antennae and certain modifications of the wings and legs.

Ecologically, *Astringimus* species play a role in maintaining ecological balance by preying on beetle larvae that may otherwise compete with other organisms for resources or contribute to decomposition processes. Their presence in dung beetle populations suggests they may influence nutrient cycling in ecosystems by indirectly affecting the breakdown of organic matter.

Few species within *Astringimus* have been studied in detail, and much of their biology remains poorly understood. Research on these wasps is limited, though they are occasionally noted in broader studies of ichneumonid diversity and parasitism. Their conservation status is generally not a concern, as they are widespread and adaptable within their habitats.