artriiti

Artriitti, commonly translated as arthritis, is a general term for inflammation of one or more joints. It encompasses many conditions with joint inflammation and can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced mobility. While the underlying causes vary, most forms share joint damage and functional impairment if untreated.

Common types include osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease), rheumatoid arthritis (autoimmune inflammatory arthritis), psoriatic arthritis, gout, and septic (infectious) arthritis. Less common are inflammatory conditions such as reactive arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Causes and risk factors differ by type. Osteoarthritis is linked to aging, joint overuse, previous injuries, and obesity. Rheumatoid and other inflammatory arthritides result from autoimmune or autoinflammatory processes; genetics, smoking, and infections can modulate risk. Gout results from uric acid crystal deposition.

Symptoms typically include joint pain, stiffness particularly after periods of inactivity, swelling, warmth, and reduced range of motion. Inflammatory forms may present with systemic symptoms such as fatigue and fever.

Diagnosis combines clinical evaluation with imaging (X-ray, ultrasound, MRI) and laboratory tests. Blood tests may assess inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR) and autoantibodies; synovial fluid analysis can identify crystal or infectious etiologies.

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms, slow disease progression, and preserve function. Approaches include medications (NSAIDs, acetaminophen, DMARDs and biologics for inflammatory arthritis, corticosteroid injections), physical and occupational therapy, exercise, weight management, and, in advanced cases, joint replacement. Early diagnosis and sustained management improve outcomes and quality of life.

Artriitti is a common, often chronic condition, with prevalence increasing with age. Management is individualized and multidisciplinary.