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Arrhythmia refers to an irregular heartbeat. This can manifest as a heart beating too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or with an inconsistent rhythm. The heart's electrical system controls its rhythm, and disruptions in this system can lead to arrhythmias.

Symptoms of arrhythmias can vary widely. Some individuals experience no symptoms at all, while others may feel palpitations, a fluttering in the chest, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest pain, or even fainting. The severity of symptoms often depends on the type of arrhythmia and its impact on the heart's ability to pump blood effectively.

Various factors can contribute to the development of arrhythmias. These include underlying heart conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, or valve problems. Other causes can include high blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, thyroid disorders, certain medications, alcohol consumption, and stress. Congenital heart defects can also predispose individuals to arrhythmias.

Diagnosing an arrhythmia typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a primary tool for detecting abnormal heart rhythms. Other tests may include Holter monitoring (a portable ECG worn for an extended period), event monitors, echocardiograms, and electrophysiology studies.

Treatment for arrhythmias depends on the specific type, its cause, and the severity of symptoms. Mild or asymptomatic arrhythmias may not require treatment. However, more serious conditions might be managed with medications to control heart rate or rhythm, lifestyle changes, or procedures like electrical cardioversion or catheter ablation. In some cases, a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) may be necessary to regulate the heartbeat.