arrhythmogens

Arrhythmogens are factors or agents that can provoke or worsen cardiac arrhythmias, which are irregular heart rhythms. These can be endogenous, meaning they originate within the body, or exogenous, coming from external sources. Endogenous arrhythmogens can include genetic predispositions, such as mutations in ion channel genes that affect the electrical signaling of the heart. Electrolyte imbalances, particularly with potassium and calcium, are also significant endogenous arrhythmogens. Hormonal changes, stress, and underlying heart conditions like heart failure or structural heart disease can also contribute to arrhythmogenesis.

Exogenous arrhythmogens are diverse and can be environmental or induced. Certain medications, especially those affecting ion channels (like antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics, or some antibiotics), are known arrhythmogens. Recreational drugs, including stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines, can trigger dangerous arrhythmias. Toxins, such as those found in certain plants or industrial chemicals, can also induce irregular heartbeats. Even physiological stressors like significant fever, severe dehydration, or excessive alcohol consumption can act as arrhythmogens. The identification and avoidance of arrhythmogens are crucial in managing and preventing cardiac arrhythmias.