armet

The armet is a type of close-fitting helmet that emerged in 15th-century Italy and became a common form of protection for head and face in parts of Europe during the late medieval and early modern periods. It is designed to provide full enclosure of the head with a snug, articulated fit, combining a solid skull, hinged cheek guards, and an integrated visor.

Design and features: A typical armet consists of a rounded or gently domed skull that sits close to the crown, with cheek pieces that wrap around the sides of the face. The visor is often integrated into the helmet and can be raised or lowered, sometimes locking into place. A bevor (a mail or laminated plate piece) and, at times, a neck guard or gorget, protected the lower face and throat. The armet's fit and the articulation of the cheek pieces allowed both protection and relatively good mobility and hearing for the wearer.

History and usage: The armet was developed in Italy in the 15th century and spread to other parts of Europe, including Spain and France. It remained common through the early 16th century, after which regional helmet styles such as burgonets and sallets began to supplant it in many areas. Examples of armet-equipped armor were worn by both cavalrymen and infantrymen, and the helmet often appeared in conjunction with plate armor coverings or mail coifs.

Variants and influence: The armet influenced later close-helmet designs, particularly in the way the visor and cheek pieces integrated with the skull. Alongside regional decorative differences, armet examples range from simple, functional forms to elaborately etched and gilded versions for ceremonial use.

Etymology: The term armet derives from French usage, with cognates appearing in other European languages to denote this close-fitting helmet.