areitis

Areitis is a term occasionally used to describe inflammation of the areolar region of the breast, the pigmented area surrounding the nipple. In medical literature, it is not a widely standardized formal diagnosis; the condition is more commonly referred to as areolitis or dermatitis of the areola. The term may appear in case reports or less formal clinical discussions and can reflect a spectrum of inflammatory skin conditions affecting the areolar skin rather than a distinct systemic illness.

Signs and symptoms typically include redness, itching, swelling, and tenderness of the areolar skin. The skin may become dry, cracked, crusted, or irritated. In some cases, there may be a burning sensation or mild discomfort, particularly with movement or clothing friction. If a secondary infection develops, additional symptoms such as increased warmth, discharge, or systemic signs could occur.

Causes are diverse and usually relate to changes in the skin barrier or external factors. Irritant contact dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis from soaps, detergents, fragrances, or fabrics is common. Infections—bacterial or fungal—can contribute, especially with moisture retention in the areolar area. Underlying skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, or dermatitis of other breast skin can involve the areola. Hormonal changes during pregnancy or lactation may affect skin integrity in this region.

Diagnosis relies on clinical examination and history. If infection is suspected, cultures or skin scrapings may be obtained to guide treatment. The differential includes cellulitis, mastitis, and other dermatologic conditions of the breast.

Treatment targets the underlying cause and skin healing. Humidification and gentle skincare, avoidance of irritants, and regular emollients are common first steps. Topical corticosteroids may be used for inflammation under medical supervision; antibiotics or antifungals are indicated if infection is present. Most cases respond to appropriate management, though recurrence can occur if triggering factors persist. See also dermatitis, areola, and mastitis.