apprendistato

Apprendistato is a form of employment contract in Italy that combines paid work with a structured training pathway. It is designed to facilitate the entry of young workers into the labor market while helping employers develop a skilled workforce. The arrangement centers on a personalized training plan that sets out on‑the‑job activities alongside formal training, often coordinated with regional training bodies, schools, or universities.

There are three main forms of apprendistato recognized in Italian law: apprendistato per la qualifica e il diploma professionale (to obtain a professional qualification or diploma), apprendistato di alta formazione e di ricerca (high‑level training and research for graduates), and apprendistato professionalizzante o di mestiere (professionalizing or craft apprenticeship to acquire vocational skills). Each form has distinct objectives, eligible ages, and duration, but all share the goal of combining practical work with systematic training.

Key features common to the apprenticeship contracts include a defined duration aligned with the training plan, an individual training plan (Piano Formativo Individuale, or PFI), and the potential for reduced social security contributions or other incentives for employers. The apprentice typically receives a wage corresponding to a junior level, with progression tied to the achievement of training goals. Upon successful completion, the contract may convert into a permanent employment relationship, depending on performance and organizational needs.

Legal framework and administration are established primarily by Legislative Decree 81/2015 (the Jobs Act) and subsequent amendments, with regional guidance shaping implementation. Regions regulate practical aspects such as training providers, apprenticeship placements, and evaluation criteria. The mechanism is a central tool in Italy for improving youth employment, aligning vocational training with labor market demand, while facing scrutiny over training quality and regional variation.