anuvratas

Anuvrata is a term used in Indian religious traditions to denote a minor or secondary vow. In Jainism, anuvratas are five vows observed by lay followers as a complementary set to the mahavratas, the five great vows taken by Jain monks. The anuvratas are intended to cultivate ethical conduct for those who live in the world, providing a framework that is less stringent than monastic vows while supporting spiritual progress.

The five anuvratas are: ahimsa (non-violence) in thought, speech, and action; satya (truthfulness) in speech and deed; asteya (not stealing) by not taking anything that is not given; brahmacharya (chastity) in behavior and fidelity within the household; and aparigraha (non-possessiveness or limiting attachments), which includes reducing possessions and avoiding excessive material desires. Each vow is interpreted in light of daily life and personal circumstances, and adherents are encouraged to practice with mindfulness and compassion.

In Hinduism and some other traditions, the term anuvrata can also refer more generally to smaller personal vows within a householder’s spiritual program, distinct from the stricter ascetic vows. Across traditions, the concept of anuvrata emphasizes ethical restraint and gradual spiritual development while recognizing the needs and duties of ordinary life.