antifertility

Antifertility refers to any method, substance, or practice that reduces or prevents fertility, the natural capability to produce offspring. This encompasses a wide range of approaches designed to control reproduction, from natural family planning methods to advanced medical interventions.

Historically, various cultures have employed natural methods such as the rhythm method, which relies on tracking a woman's menstrual cycle to identify infertile periods, and withdrawal before ejaculation. More recently, modern medicine has developed highly effective pharmacological and mechanical methods. Hormonal contraceptives, including birth control pills, patches, injections, and implants, are widely used to prevent ovulation. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) and barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms physically prevent sperm from reaching the egg.

Surgical sterilization, such as vasectomy in men and tubal ligation in women, offers a permanent solution to infertility by blocking the reproductive pathways. Furthermore, research continues into novel antifertility agents, including male contraceptives that target sperm production or function. The decision to use antifertility measures is personal and often influenced by individual health, religious beliefs, socioeconomic factors, and family planning goals. Ethical considerations surrounding access, efficacy, and potential side effects are important aspects of discussions about antifertility.