amebocytlystestet

The amebocytlystestet is a diagnostic laboratory test used to evaluate the cytolytic activity of amoebae, most commonly Entamoeba histolytica, against host cells. By measuring the ability of the parasite to rupture erythrocytes or other cell types, the test provides a functional assessment that complements morphological and molecular methods. It is particularly useful in distinguishing infectious strains from nonpathogenic species that otherwise appear similar under light microscopy.

In practice the test is performed by culturing trophozoites in a suspension of washed red blood cells or a cell line that expresses a specific surface receptor. After incubation, the mixture is examined for hemolysis or cell lysis using spectrophotometric measurement of released hemoglobin or by counting intact cells with a haemocytometer. Alternatively, flow cytometry can detect the loss of cell membrane integrity. The extent of cytolysis is quantified as a percentage of total cells lysed, and results are compared to established thresholds that indicate pathogenic potential.

Clinically, a positive amebocytlystestet supports a diagnosis of invasive amoebiasis, guiding timely treatment with metronidazole or other anti-amoebic agents. In regions where multiple Entamoeba species are endemic, the test helps avoid misdiagnosis that could lead to unnecessary or inappropriate therapy. The test also serves research purposes in understanding virulence factors such as the cysteine proteases that mediate membrane disruption.

Limitations include variability in parasite culture conditions and the need for specialized equipment. Moreover, the test is less suitable for routine screening due to its relatively labor-intensive procedure. It is often combined with antigen detection assays or PCR-based methods to provide a comprehensive diagnostic picture.