alergijske

Alergijske refers to conditions or reactions related to allergy, a state in which the immune system overreacts to typically harmless substances. Allergies can affect the airways, skin, digestive system, or circulatory system and may vary in severity from mild to life-threatening.

Most allergic reactions are driven by an IgE-mediated immune response. When a person with a sensitized immune system encounters an allergen—such as pollen, dust mites, mold, animal dander, certain foods, insect venoms, or medicines—the body releases histamine and other chemicals from mast cells. This leads to symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, wheezing, hives, skin rashes, abdominal pain, or swelling. In severe cases, anaphylaxis can occur, requiring urgent emergency treatment.

Common allergic conditions include allergic rhinitis (hay fever), allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis (eczema), food allergies, asthma with allergic components, and various forms of contact dermatitis. Non-IgE-mediated reactions, such as some types of contact dermatitis or drug-induced rashes, involve different immune pathways and may have delayed onset.

Diagnosis typically involves a patient history, skin prick tests or blood tests for specific IgE, and, in some cases, oral food challenges under medical supervision. Treatment focuses on avoidance of known triggers, pharmacotherapy (antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, leukotriene inhibitors, or bronchodilators), and, for some allergies, immunotherapy (allergen shots or sublingual tablets).

Prevention includes education, action plans for severe reactions, and regular follow-up with healthcare providers. Many allergic conditions are chronic, but proper management can control symptoms and improve quality of life.